Examination of the role and challenges of natural catalysts in hydrogen and biohydrogen production

Abstract The high demand for hydrogen has led to the development of various production methods. This study examines use synthetic and natural catalysts in generation biohydrogen. A bibliographic analysis was conducted using VOSviewer ScientoPy tools. research focuses on synthesis, purification, separation, storage, based findings. Hydrogen biohydrogen can be produced through processes such as reforming, decomposition, hydrolysis, gasification, photolysis, fermentation. most studied approach is gas steam Ni Ce Al₂O₃, Al₂O₄, BaTiO₃ support materials, resulting a turnover frequency (TOF) 2880 h −1 an average stability 100 h. In contrast, ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis with Pt/Co₃O₄ may achieve TOF 15 times faster than methane reforming (SMR). Additionally, HY‐zeolite containing nickel maximum 578 Enhancing could achieved by incorporating two or more metals that work synergistically building hierarchical structures zeolite. photocatalysis, it important design improve light absorption. Using activated zeolites gasification process (conventional, supercritical, hydrothermal) requires raw materials advanced chemical processes, which poses challenges future work.